Introducing the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church

     Christianity developed in the land of Eritrea, located on east coast of the African continent, through the exchange of ideas that often occurs when traders and visitors arrive in a location. Traders and visitors would travel to and from the Middle East where they would teach and learn about Christianity. Most of this interaction occurred through the port of Adulis which was located on the Red Sea. Ancient ruins of prayer houses can still be found in this region. The Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church came into existence in 329 AD through the leadership of St. Frumentius (also known as Abba Selama). St. Frumentius was the first bishop of the church and was assigned to this post by St. Athanasius who was the Patriarch of Alexandria. 

    The church was traditionally governed with more of an episcopal polity (think archbishops, bishops, priests, and deacons) but now is run by a the "supreme body of the holy synod." This governing body exists as council consisting of all the bishops and archbishops of the Eritrean Orthodox Church. The Patriarch presides over the council. Currently there are about 2 million members of the church around the world. There is also a great emphasis on monastic life. (WCC)

    The Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church is in full communion with the other Oriental Orthodox Churches mentioned in previous posts and those that will be mentioned in future posts. The Eritrean Orthodox Church has historically observed seven sacraments and still observes them today. Interestingly enough, the Eritrean Church has also taught what is know as the Five Pillars of Mysteries. These are five mysteries which form the basis of Christian faith according to the church. These mysteries are the Mystery of the Trinity, the Mystery of the Incarnation, the Mystery of Baptism, the Mystery of Communion, and the Mystery of Resurrection. These mysteries form the foundation of faith in the Eritrean Church (Eritrean Orthodox). I find it fascinating that this church has formed five foundations on which to build upon in developing the faith of believers. I think the church could learn much from this. Peace!


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